Key financial calculations, ratios, and valuation methods used to analyze real estate investments and performance.
Master financial analysis & metrics with our progressive approach
Foundation terms you need to know first (92 terms)
Development costs are all the expenses incurred during the process of acquiring land, designing, constructing, and preparing a real estate project for use or sale, from start to finish.
Equity investment in real estate involves directly owning a portion or all of a property, providing the investor with an ownership stake and the potential to benefit from appreciation and rental income.
Accrual basis accounting records revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash actually changes hands. This method provides a more accurate picture of a business's financial performance over time.
Base rent is the fixed, minimum rent amount paid by a tenant to a landlord for the use of a property, excluding additional charges like operating expenses, taxes, or utilities.
An office building is a commercial property designed for businesses to conduct administrative, professional, or commercial operations, offering spaces for work and meetings.
Complex strategies and professional concepts (122 terms)
Slow BRRRR is an advanced real estate investment strategy that extends the traditional BRRRR (Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat) cycle over a longer period, often several years, to maximize equity appreciation and mitigate market risks.
An Equity-for-Property Swap is an advanced real estate investment strategy where an investor exchanges equity in one or more properties or entities for direct ownership of another property, often to achieve tax deferral, portfolio restructuring, or strategic asset acquisition.
The accounting process of recognizing the estimated cost of an Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) as a liability and capitalizing a corresponding asset, which is then depreciated over its useful life, reflecting the future costs associated with retiring a long-lived asset.
A Personal Financial Stress Test is a systematic evaluation of an individual's or household's financial resilience against adverse economic scenarios, crucial for real estate investors to safeguard their portfolios.
Equity dilution occurs when a company or investment vehicle issues new shares, decreasing the ownership percentage of existing shareholders. In real estate, this often happens in syndications or partnerships when additional capital is raised.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) is an equity account on the balance sheet that records unrealized gains and losses from certain financial activities not yet recognized in net income, reflecting changes in equity from non-owner sources.
An Acquisition Agreement is a legally binding contract outlining the terms and conditions between a buyer and seller for the purchase and sale of a real estate asset, crucial for defining the transaction's scope and protecting all parties.
An acquisition fee is an upfront charge in real estate syndications or funds, compensating the sponsor for identifying, evaluating, negotiating, and closing a property deal. It's typically a percentage of the purchase price or equity raised, impacting initial capital and overall investment returns.
Activity ratios are financial metrics that measure how efficiently a company or investment property uses its assets to generate revenue. In real estate, they help investors assess operational efficiency and how quickly assets are converted into sales or cash.
Actual Cash Value (ACV) is an insurance term referring to the cost to replace or repair damaged property, minus depreciation for age, wear, and tear. It represents the current value of an item at the time of loss.
Add-backs are expenses identified on a property's financial statements that are not considered ongoing operational costs for a prospective new owner, and are therefore 'added back' to the Net Operating Income (NOI) to reflect the property's true profitability.
Additional Paid-in Capital (APIC) represents the amount of capital investors contribute to a company or partnership that exceeds the par value of the issued stock or the stated capital contribution in a partnership agreement. It is a crucial component of equity, reflecting premium contributions.
The adjusted basis is the original cost of an asset, such as real estate, plus the cost of any capital improvements, minus any depreciation deductions and certain other adjustments. It's crucial for calculating taxable gains or losses upon sale.
Adjusted EBITDA is a financial metric that modifies a company's Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization to exclude non-recurring, non-cash, or non-operating items, providing a clearer picture of core operational profitability, especially critical for real estate valuation and due diligence.
Adjusted Funds From Operations (AFFO) is a critical financial metric used primarily in real estate investment trusts (REITs) to measure the recurring cash flow available for distribution to shareholders, after accounting for non-cash items and recurring capital expenditures.
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is an individual's gross income minus specific deductions, often referred to as "above-the-line" deductions. It serves as a foundational figure for calculating tax liability and determining eligibility for various tax credits and deductions.
The advance rate is the percentage of a collateral's value that a lender is willing to finance, commonly used in asset-based lending or lines of credit, determining the maximum loan amount available against specific assets.
Explore complementary areas that build on financial analysis & metrics concepts
Personal budgeting, expense tracking, cash flow management, emergency funds, and savings strategies.
Credit scores, debt consolidation, loan management, credit repair, and debt payoff strategies.
Macroeconomic concepts, interest rates, inflation, Federal Reserve policy, and economic cycles.
Wills, trusts, estate taxes, succession planning, beneficiary planning, and wealth preservation.