Key financial calculations, ratios, and valuation methods used to analyze real estate investments and performance.
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Foundation terms you need to know first (92 terms)
Development costs are all the expenses incurred during the process of acquiring land, designing, constructing, and preparing a real estate project for use or sale, from start to finish.
Equity investment in real estate involves directly owning a portion or all of a property, providing the investor with an ownership stake and the potential to benefit from appreciation and rental income.
Accrual basis accounting records revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash actually changes hands. This method provides a more accurate picture of a business's financial performance over time.
Base rent is the fixed, minimum rent amount paid by a tenant to a landlord for the use of a property, excluding additional charges like operating expenses, taxes, or utilities.
An office building is a commercial property designed for businesses to conduct administrative, professional, or commercial operations, offering spaces for work and meetings.
Complex strategies and professional concepts (131 terms)
Slow BRRRR is an advanced real estate investment strategy that extends the traditional BRRRR (Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat) cycle over a longer period, often several years, to maximize equity appreciation and mitigate market risks.
An Equity-for-Property Swap is an advanced real estate investment strategy where an investor exchanges equity in one or more properties or entities for direct ownership of another property, often to achieve tax deferral, portfolio restructuring, or strategic asset acquisition.
The accounting process of recognizing the estimated cost of an Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) as a liability and capitalizing a corresponding asset, which is then depreciated over its useful life, reflecting the future costs associated with retiring a long-lived asset.
A Personal Financial Stress Test is a systematic evaluation of an individual's or household's financial resilience against adverse economic scenarios, crucial for real estate investors to safeguard their portfolios.
Equity dilution occurs when a company or investment vehicle issues new shares, decreasing the ownership percentage of existing shareholders. In real estate, this often happens in syndications or partnerships when additional capital is raised.
The Rent-to-Income Ratio (RTI) is a financial metric used by landlords and lenders to assess a tenant's ability to afford rent, calculated by dividing gross monthly rent by gross monthly income.
Rentable Square Footage (RSF) is the total area a commercial tenant pays rent on, encompassing their exclusive usable space plus a proportional share of the building's common areas.
Rental analysis is the process of evaluating a property's potential rental income and expenses to determine its profitability and investment viability.
Rental comparables are recently rented properties similar to a subject investment property, used to determine optimal rental prices, forecast income, and assess market demand.
Rental history is a detailed record of an individual's past tenancy, providing landlords with insights into their payment habits, property maintenance, and adherence to lease agreements, crucial for tenant screening.
Rental income is the total revenue generated from an investment property through rent payments and other fees, before or after deducting operating expenses. It is a critical metric for evaluating a property's profitability and investment viability.
Rental property depreciation is a non-cash tax deduction allowing real estate investors to recover the cost of an income-producing property over its useful life, excluding land value. It significantly reduces taxable income without requiring an out-of-pocket expense, thereby enhancing investment returns and cash flow.
Replacement cost is the estimated expense to construct a new property with similar utility and function to an existing one, using current materials, labor, and construction standards, excluding the value of the land.
Representations are statements of fact made by one party to induce another into a contract, while warranties are promises that those facts are true, providing a basis for recourse if false.
Resale value is the estimated price a property could sell for in the current market, or at a specific point in the future. It's a key factor for real estate investors to assess potential profits and investment viability.
A reserve account is a dedicated fund set aside by property owners or associations to cover future major repairs, replacements, and unexpected capital expenditures, ensuring the long-term stability of an investment property.
Reserves for Replacements are funds set aside by property owners or managers to cover the future costs of major capital expenditures and periodic replacements of building components, ensuring the long-term viability and value of an investment property.
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