Key financial calculations, ratios, and valuation methods used to analyze real estate investments and performance.
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Foundation terms you need to know first (92 terms)
Development costs are all the expenses incurred during the process of acquiring land, designing, constructing, and preparing a real estate project for use or sale, from start to finish.
Equity investment in real estate involves directly owning a portion or all of a property, providing the investor with an ownership stake and the potential to benefit from appreciation and rental income.
Accrual basis accounting records revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash actually changes hands. This method provides a more accurate picture of a business's financial performance over time.
Base rent is the fixed, minimum rent amount paid by a tenant to a landlord for the use of a property, excluding additional charges like operating expenses, taxes, or utilities.
An office building is a commercial property designed for businesses to conduct administrative, professional, or commercial operations, offering spaces for work and meetings.
Complex strategies and professional concepts (131 terms)
Slow BRRRR is an advanced real estate investment strategy that extends the traditional BRRRR (Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat) cycle over a longer period, often several years, to maximize equity appreciation and mitigate market risks.
An Equity-for-Property Swap is an advanced real estate investment strategy where an investor exchanges equity in one or more properties or entities for direct ownership of another property, often to achieve tax deferral, portfolio restructuring, or strategic asset acquisition.
The accounting process of recognizing the estimated cost of an Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) as a liability and capitalizing a corresponding asset, which is then depreciated over its useful life, reflecting the future costs associated with retiring a long-lived asset.
A Personal Financial Stress Test is a systematic evaluation of an individual's or household's financial resilience against adverse economic scenarios, crucial for real estate investors to safeguard their portfolios.
Equity dilution occurs when a company or investment vehicle issues new shares, decreasing the ownership percentage of existing shareholders. In real estate, this often happens in syndications or partnerships when additional capital is raised.
Sweat equity refers to the increase in property value or ownership stake that results from the labor and effort of the owner or investor, rather than from direct financial investment. It's commonly seen in fix-and-flip projects or owner-occupied renovations.
Target asset allocation in real estate investing defines the desired mix of different property types, geographic locations, and investment strategies within an investor's portfolio to align with their financial goals and risk tolerance. It's a strategic blueprint for portfolio construction.
Tax bracket management is a strategic financial planning approach focused on controlling taxable income and deductions to keep an investor's income within lower tax brackets or minimize overall tax liability, especially relevant for real estate investors leveraging various tax benefits.
Tax burden in real estate refers to the total amount of taxes an investor is responsible for, including property, income, capital gains, and transfer taxes, which directly impact an investment's profitability and cash flow.
Tax liability refers to the total amount of tax an individual or entity owes to a taxing authority, such as the IRS, for a specific period, typically on income or capital gains from real estate investments.
Tax returns are official documents filed with tax authorities, such as the IRS, reporting an individual's or entity's income, expenses, and other financial information to determine tax liability, serving as a critical financial record for real estate investors.
A tax shelter is a legal financial arrangement or investment strategy designed to reduce or eliminate an investor's taxable income and, consequently, their tax liability.
A reduction in taxable income, and thus tax liability, achieved through deductible expenses like depreciation, interest on debt, or operating losses, commonly utilized in real estate to enhance investment returns.
Taxable income is the portion of an individual's or entity's gross income that is subject to taxation after all allowable deductions, exemptions, and credits have been applied. For real estate investors, it determines the actual income on which taxes are paid.
Tenant Improvement (TI) refers to modifications made to a commercial space to customize it for a tenant's specific needs, often funded in part by a Tenant Improvement Allowance (TIA) from the landlord.
A tenant ledger is a comprehensive financial record detailing all monetary transactions between a landlord and a specific tenant, tracking charges and payments chronologically.
Tenant solvency refers to a prospective or current tenant's financial ability to meet their rental obligations and other financial commitments, indicating their reliability as a renter.
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